Fourth Amendment Accommodations: (UN)Compelling Public Needs, Balancing Acts, and the Fiction of Consent

The problems of public housing-including crime, drugs, and gun violence- have received an enormous amount of national attention. Much attention has also focused on warrantless searches and consent searches as solutions to these problems. This Note addresses the constitutionality of these proposals and asserts that if the Supreme Court\u27s current Fourth Amendment jurisprudence is taken to its logical extremes, warrantless searches in public housing can be found constitutional. The author argues, however, that such an interpretation fails to strike the proper balance between public need and privacy in the public housing context. The Note concludes by proposing alternative consent-based regimes that would pass constitutional muster

Late Ordovician Corals from Allochthonous Clasts in the Devonian Drik-Drik Formation of Northeastern New South Wales, Australia

New coral material is documented from allochthonous limestones informally termed the ‘Trelawney Beds’, of the New England Region in northeastern New South Wales, enabling previous identifications to be revised. Taxa newly recognised in the Trelawney fauna include the tabulate corals Paleofavosites rarispinulatus Hall, 1975, and Navoites cargoensis (Hill, 1957), a lambelasmatid assigned to Coelostylinae gen. et sp. nov., the tryplasmatid Bowanophyllum? sp., and two indeterminate species of Heliolites and Propora. The taxonomic revisions strengthen similarities between the Trelawney fauna and that described from a comparable occurrence of allochthonous limestones informally known as the ‘Uralba Beds’ of the Manilla-Attunga area to the north, supporting a coral/stromatoporoid Fauna IIIb age (middle Katian) for both faunas. These Late Ordovician corals were likely eroded from the same carbonate shelf before redeposition into Silurian and Devonian sediments, now represented by the Glen Bell Formation and Drik-Drik Formation, respectively

Ordovician stratigraphy of the Junee–Narromine Volcanic Belt in central New South Wales, Australia: conodont studies and regional correlations

This contribution reviews the newly revised biostratigraphy of MiddleâUpper Ordovician marine shelf successions from the JuneeâNarromine Volcanic Belt in central New South Wales, based on conodont studies from four areas covering the northern, central and southern sectors of the Belt. Seven conodont biozones ranging from the middle Darriwilian (Histiodella holodentata-Eoplacognathus pseudoplanus Biozone) to the lower Katian (Taoqupognathus blandus Biozone) are recognized in the Billabong Creek Formation exposed in the Gunningbland area. This includes the first known biostratigraphic succession in Australia that extends continuously from the middle Darriwilian to the basal Sandbian. These new data are crucial for a better understanding of the geological evolution of this region in central New South Wales, and for the enhanced correlation of Ordovician rocks throughout the Macquarie Volcanic Province, which hosts substantial porphyry CuâAu mineral deposits

Précis of Palaeozoic Palaeontology in the Southern Tablelands Region of New South Wales

This compilation of all known palaeontological data from Lower Ordovician to Upper Devonian rocks exposed in the Boorowa–Crookwell–Taralga–Yass–Goulburn–Braidwood region of southeastern New South Wales, draws on a voluminous scientific literature of more than 270 papers and reports. Within this region are some of the most famous and intensively studied fossiliferous localities in the state, particularly in the Yass–Taemas area. Revised faunal lists provide the basis for new or refined age determinations, resulting in improved biostratigraphic correlation amongst the 64 formations and their members that yield fossils in the region. Early Silurian (early Wenlock) conodonts found in allochthonous limestones of the Hawkins Volcanics, the lowermost unit of the Yass Basin succession, are documented, as are representative conodonts from allochthonous limestone of late Silurian (Ludlow) age previously erroneously assigned to the early Silurian (late Llandovery) Jerrawa Formation. A new species of the coniform conodont Panderodus is described under open nomenclature. It is recommended that the name Hanaminno Limestone be suppressed

A giant new trimerellide brachiopod from the Wenlock (Early Silurian) of New South Wales, Australia

Keteiodoros bellense n.gen. and n.sp. is a remarkably large trimerellide brachiopod from the Wenlock Dripstone Formation, southeast of Wellington, central New South Wales. The probable articulatory mechanism is unusual for trimerellides. It apparently involved both flattened sections of the lateral commissures which acted as pivots for opening and closing the shell, and a large and strongly modified articulating plate (which partly envelopes a robust dorsal umbo) articulating with the pseudointerarea at the posterior end of the ventral platform. The heavy dorsal umbo probably acted as a counterbalance to the anterior part of the valve; the diductor muscles were apparently attached to the umbo at the sides of the articulating plate, and to the anterior end of the ventral platform. The trimerellides occur in presumed life position in nearly mono specific beds which are interpreted as having formed in a quiet inshore shallow subtidal area on a sloping shelf, protected by coral biostromes but periodically disrupted by storm action. They are considered to represent a low-diversity quietwater Benthic Assemblage 2 community

Geology and Geomorphology of Jenolan Caves and the Surrounding Region

Detailed mapping by university students and staff since the 1980s has significantly elucidated previously poorly known stratigraphic and structural relationships in the Jenolan Caves region. Apart from andesite of ?Ordovician age, rocks west of the caves probably correlate with the lower Silurian Campbells Group. That succession is faulted against the Silurian (mid Wenlockian) Jenolan Caves Limestone, in which caves developed during several episodes from the late Palaeozoic. Immediately east of Jenolan Caves, siliciclastic sedimentary and volcaniclastic rocks with interbedded silicic lavas constitute the newly defined Inspiration Point Formation, correlated with the upper Silurian to Lower Devonian Mount Fairy Group. Several prominent marker units are recognised, including limestone previously correlated with the main Jenolan limestone belt. Extensive strike-slip and thrust faulting disrupts the sequence, but in general the entire Silurian succession youngs to the east, so that beds apparently steeply-dipping westerly are actually overturned. Further east, Upper Devonian Lambie Group siliciclastics unconformably overlie the Inspiration Point Formation and both are overlain unconformably by lower Permian conglomeratic facies. Carboniferous intrusions include the Hellgate Granite with associated felsite dykes. The regional geomorphology probably evolved from late Carboniferous–early Permian time, with ‘steps’ in the deep valleys indicating episodic periods of valley formation, possibly including Permian glaciation

Early Devonian Conodonts from the Southern Thomson Orogen and Northern Lachlan Orogen in North-western New South Wales

Early Devonian (Lochkovian) conodonts, recovered from carbonate intervals within the Amphitheatre Group of the northern Cobar Basin (Lachlan Orogen) and from unnamed correlative strata encountered in drillcore from Louth in the southern Thomson Orogen in north-western New South Wales, include the biostratigraphically important taxon Caudicriodus woschmidti. Associated species include Belodella resima, Caudicriodus spp. indet., Oulodus astriatus?, Oulodus spicula, Oulodus sp., “Ozarkodina” planilingua, Panderodus unicostatus, Wurmiella excavata, and Zieglerodina remscheidensis. These conodont faunas provide the first biostratigraphically constrained correlations between rocks of the Cobar Basin (Cobar Supergroup) in the northern Lachlan Orogen and subsurface strata in the adjacent southern Thomson Orogen

Quantum chaos in open systems: a quantum state diffusion analysis

Except for the universe, all quantum systems are open, and according to quantum state diffusion theory, many systems localize to wave packets in the neighborhood of phase space points. This is due to decoherence from the interaction with the environment, and makes the quasiclassical limit of such systems both more realistic and simpler in many respects than the more familiar quasiclassical limit for closed systems. A linearized version of this theory leads to the correct classical dynamics in the macroscopic limit, even for nonlinear and chaotic systems. We apply the theory to the forced, damped Duffing oscillator, comparing the numerical results of the full and linearized equations, and argue that this can be used to make explicit calculations in the decoherent histories formalism of quantum mechanics.Comment: 18 pages standard LaTeX + 9 figures; extensively trimmed; to appear in J. Phys.

Quantifying the effect of baryon physics on weak lensing tomography

We use matter power spectra from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations to quantify the effect of baryon physics on the weak gravitational lensing shear signal. The simulations consider a number of processes, such as radiative cooling, star formation, supernovae and feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN). Van Daalen et al. (2011) used the same simulations to show that baryon physics, in particular the strong feedback that is required to solve the overcooling problem, modifies the matter power spectrum on scales relevant for cosmological weak lensing studies. As a result, the use of power spectra from dark matter simulations can lead to significant biases in the inferred cosmological parameters. We show that the typical biases are much larger than the precision with which future missions aim to constrain the dark energy equation of state, w_0. For instance, the simulation with AGN feedback, which reproduces X-ray and optical properties of groups of galaxies, gives rise to a ~40% bias in w_0. We demonstrate that the modification of the power spectrum is dominated by groups and clusters of galaxies, the effect of which can be modelled. We consider an approach based on the popular halo model and show that simple modifications can capture the main features of baryonic feedback. Despite its simplicity, we find that our model, when calibrated on the simulations, is able to reduce the bias in w_0 to a level comparable to the size of the statistical uncertainties for a Euclid-like mission. While observations of the gas and stellar fractions as a function of halo mass can be used to calibrate the model, hydrodynamic simulations will likely still be needed to extend the observed scaling relations down to halo masses of 10 ^12 M_sun/h.Comment: 17 pages, 14 Figures, MNRAS accepted. Small changes to the published version: typos in Eq. 4 corrected, Figure 2 updated (y-ticks of the previous version were wrong). Bibliography updated with published papers when possibl

The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: power-spectrum analysis of the final data set and cosmological implications

We present a power-spectrum analysis of the final 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS), employing a direct Fourier method. The sample used comprises 221 414 galaxies with measured redshifts. We investigate in detail the modelling of the sample selection, improving on previous treatments in a number of respects. A new angular mask is derived, based on revisions to the photometric calibration. The redshift selection function is determined by dividing the survey according to rest-frame colour, and deducing a self-consistent treatment of k-corrections and evolution for each population. The covariance matrix for the power-spectrum estimates is determined using two different approaches to the construction of mock surveys, which are used to demonstrate that the input cosmological model can be correctly recovered. We discuss in detail the possible differences between the galaxy and mass power spectra, and treat these using simulations, analytic models and a hybrid empirical approach. Based on these investigations, we are confident that the 2dFGRS power spectrum can be used to infer the matter content of the universe. On large scales, our estimated power spectrum shows evidence for the ‘baryon oscillations' that are predicted in cold dark matter (CDM) models. Fitting to a CDM model, assuming a primordial ns= 1 spectrum, h= 0.72 and negligible neutrino mass, the preferred parameters are Ωmh= 0.168 ± 0.016 and a baryon fraction Ωb/Ωm= 0.185 ± 0.046 (1σ errors). The value of Ωmh is 1σ lower than the 0.20 ± 0.03 in our 2001 analysis of the partially complete 2dFGRS. This shift is largely due to the signal from the newly sampled regions of space, rather than the refinements in the treatment of observational selection. This analysis therefore implies a density significantly below the standard Ωm= 0.3: in combination with cosmic microwave background (CMB) data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), we infer Ωm= 0.231 ± 0.02